Southwest Asia and Central Europe. The dams also generate electricity for heavy industries and urban centers. [3] It flows through China (western Tibet), India, and Pakistan. It is home to around 25 amphibian species. It is one of the longest rivers in the world, with a length of some 2,000 miles (3,200 km). [33] Fish also played a major role in earlier cultures of the region, including the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation where depictions of fish were frequent. There is also evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since prehistoric times – it deviated westwards from flowing into the Rann of Kutch and adjoining Banni grasslands after the 1816 earthquake. Early river valley civilizations arose in Mesopotamia, EGYPT, the INDUS RIVER Valley, and CHINA.Earlier agricultural societies (8,000 to 13,000 years ago) were largely subsistence cultures. Stone Age people hunted animals and gathered wild plants to eat. There is an Indus site on the Amu Darya at Shortughai in northern Afghanistan, and the Indus site Alamgirpur at the Hindon River is located only 28 km (17 mi) from Delhi. Example of Human / Environment Interaction - Rivers and Early Civilizations All of the River Valley Civilizations - Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India - depended on rivers for food, building materials, transportation, and many other things. [citation needed] Other variants of the name Sindhu include Assyrian Sinda (as early as the 7th century BC), Persian Ab-e-sind, Pashto Abasind, Arab Al-Sind, Chinese Sintow, and Javanese Santri. [47][48] Any further utilization of the river basin water is not economically feasible. The Indus river and its watershed has a rich biodiversity. Downriver from around Thakot, Tarbela, the Kabul–Indus river confluence, Attock Khurd and Peshawar the diversity rises strongly, including many cyprinids (Amblypharyngodon, Aspidoparia, Barilius, Chela, Cirrhinus, Crossocheilus, Cyprinion, Danio, Devario, Esomus, Garra, Labeo, Naziritor, Osteobrama, Pethia, Puntius, Rasbora, Salmophasia, Securicula and Systomus), true loaches (Botia and Lepidocephalus), stone loaches (Acanthocobitis and Nemacheilus), ailiid catfish (Clupisoma), bagridae catfish (Batasio, Mystus, Rita and Sperata), airsac catfish (Heteropneustes), schilbid catfish (Eutropiichthys), silurid catfish (Ompok and Wallago), sisorid catfish (Bagarius, Gagata, Glyptothorax and Sisor), gouramis (Trichogaster), nandid leaffish (Nandus), snakeheads (Channa), spiny eel (Macrognathus and Mastacembelus), knifefish (Notopterus), glassfish (Chanda and Parambassis), clupeids (Gudusia), needlefish (Xenentodon) and gobies (Glossogobius), as well as a few introduced species. 55 terms. The Indus River valley civilization started about 2500 B.C.E, the largest city was Mohanjo-Daro. Only 40 Indus Valley sites have been discovered on the Indus and its tributaries. The heavily populated area extending from Boston to Washington and including New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. jrdbnntt. The Rigvedic hymns apply a feminine gender to all the rivers mentioned therein, except for the Brahmaputra. hamilton98lj. ", U.S. diplomat Richard Holbrooke said, shortly before his death in 2010, that he believed that falling water levels in the Indus River "could very well precipitate World War III. The Indus River (called Sindhū in Sanskrit with cognates in most Indic languages)[1][2] is one of the main rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the Indian subcontinent. [8][9][10][11][12] The variation between the two names is explained by the Old Iranian sound change *s > h, which occurred between 850–600 BCE according to Asko Parpola. a place in which a religion originates (river hearths: Yellow River, Indus Valley, Tigris Euphrates, Nile Valley) Secularism the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife (ex: communist countries removing religious traditions) This is the currently selected item. Its estimated annual flow is around 243 km3 (58 cu mi), twice that of the Nile and three times that of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers combined, making it one of the largest rivers in the world in terms of average annual flow. The rain continued for the next two months, devastating large areas of Pakistan. The longest river in modern day Paistan is the Indus River which the civilization was named after; one of the mountains in this region was the Himalayas, with the Indus river starting from there it flows for some 3,180 kilometers before … The 3rd millennium BC saw the rise of a major urban civilization of the Bronze Age. The flat land area made transportation extremely easy. [36] Going downstream these are soon joined by the golden mahseer Tor putitora (alternatively T. macrolepis, although it often is regarded as a synonym of T. putitora) and Schistura loaches. The earliest chronicles and hymns of the Aryan peoples of ancient India, the Rigveda, composed about 1500 BCE, mention the river… Modern irrigation was introduced by the British East India Company in 1850 – the construction of modern canals accompanied with the restoration of old canals. 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